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The ''Adi Parva'' or the Book of the Beginning is the first of eighteen books of the ''Mahabharata''.〔 Adi (आदि) is a Sanskrit word that means first.〔(Adi ) Sanskrit English Dictionary, Koeln, Germany (2009)〕 Adi Parva has 19 sub-books and 236 adhyayas (chapters).〔 The critical edition of Adi Parva has 19 sub-books and 225 chapters.〔 Adi Parva describes how the epic came to be recited by Ugrasrava Sauti to the assembled rishis at the Naimisha Forest after first having been narrated at the ''sarpasatra'' of Janamejaya by Vaishampayana at Taxila. It includes an outline of contents from the eighteen books, along with the book's significance. The history of the Bhāratas and the Bhrigus are described. The main part of the work covers the birth and early life of the princes of the Kuru Kingdom and the persecution of the Pandavas by Dhritarashtra. ==Structure and chapters== The Adi Parva consists of 19 ''upa-parva''s or sub-books (also referred to as little books〔Alf Hiltebeitel, (2001) Rethinking the Mahabharata: A Reader's Guide to the Education of the Dharma King, ISBN 0-226-34054-6, University of Chicago Press, see Chapter 1, Introduction〕). Each sub-book is also called a ''parva'', and is further subdivided into chapters, for a total of 236 chapters in Adi Parva. The names of 19 sub-books of Adi Parva, along with a brief of each sub-book:〔〔〔 :1. Anukramanika Parva :: Sauti meets Rishis in a forest. They express a desire to hear ''Mahabharata''. The parva describes the significance of ''Mahabharata'', claims comprehensive synthesis of all human knowledge, and why it must be studied. :2. Sangraha Parva :: Outline of contents of 18 books of ''Mahabharata''. :3. Paushya Parva :: Stories about Janamejaya, Aruni, Upamanyu, Utanka, Paushya and sage Dhaumya. :4. Pauloma Parva :: History of Bhargava race of men and Ruru. Story of Pauloma and Chyavana. :5. Astika Parva :: ''Mahabharata''s version of churning of ocean to create the world. Theories on dharma, bondage and release. Story about snakes, Janamejya's vow to kill all snakes, step to annihilate them with a sacrificial fire, decision to apply Ahimsa (non-violence) to snakes and all life forms. Story of birth of Astika. :6. Adivansavatarana Parva :: History of Pandava and Kuru princes. Story of Satyavati, Karna, Vasudeva and Animandavya. Appeal to Brahma that gods should reincarnate to save the chaos that earth has become. :7. Sambhava Parva :: Theory of life on earth and gods. Story of Drona, Krona and other sages. The romance of Dushyanta and Sakuntala, their love marriage, birth of Bharata. Sakuntala goes to Dushyanta with the boy, he first refuses to remember her and their marriage, later apologizes and accepts. Bharata becomes prince. Stories of Devyani, Puru, Yadu and the Paurava race of men. The Pandava brothers retreat into the forest, their persecution by Dhritarashtra. The story about the ''Swayamvara'' of Kunti. Marriage of Madri, Vidura. Attempts to reconcile the conflict between Kauravas and Pandavas. :8. Jatugriha-daha Parva〔 :: Kanika's counsel to Dhritarashtra on how to rule a kingdom, how deception is an effective tool for governance and war, against enemies and potential competition; Kanika's symbolic tale about jackal, tiger, mouse, mongoose and deer; his advice that a weak ruler should ignore his own weaknesses and focus on other people's weakness, pretend to be friends while being cruel and destructive to others, particularly when the competition is good and stronger. Dhritarashtra schemes to build a home for Pandavas in the forest, from lac and other inflammable materials, as a friendly gesture, but with plans to burn them alive on the darkest night. Kanika's theory is called wicked and evil by Vidura, a sage of true knowledge and the good, who is also the advisor and friend to Pandavas. Vidura and Pandavas plan escape by building a tunnel inside the inflammable house. The fire, then escape of Pandavas. Dhritarashtra falsely believes Pandavas are dead. :9. Hidimva-vadha Parva〔 :: After escape from fire, the wanderings of Pandava brothers. Story of Bhima and the she-Rakshasha Hidimba. She falls in love with Bhima, and refuses to help her brother. The battle between Bhima and Hidimba's demon brother, showing the enormous strength of the giant brother Bhima. Bhima and Hidimba have a son named Ghatotkacha. :10. Vaka-vadha Parva :: The life of Pandavas brothers in Ekachakra. Story about Bhima slaying another demon Vaka, who has been terrorizing people of Ekachakra. Heroine of Mahabharata, Draupadi, is born in holy fire. Words spread that Pandavas may be alive. :11. Chaitraratha Parva :: Pandavas set out for Panchala. Story of Tapati, Vashistha and Vishwamitra. Dehumanization and persecution of Bhrigu race of men. :12. Swayamvara Parva〔Monier Williams (1868), (Indian Epic Poetry ), University of Oxford, Williams & Norgate — London, page 22-23〕 :: Pandavas arrive in Panchala. Draupadi's swayamvara, Pandavas arrive in disguise, Arjuna and Bhima excel, win Draupadi's heart and hand, her marriage to Pandava brothers. Krishna introduced, recognizes the individuals in disguise are Pandava brothers. :13. Vaivahika Parva :: Drupada delights at discovering Pandavas are alive. Nuptials and marriage. :14. Viduragamana Parva :: Vidura's attempt to reconcile the evil Kaurava brothers and the good Pandava brothers. Various speeches by Karna, Bhishma, Drona and Vidura. :15. Rajya-labha Parva :: Return of Pandavas to Hastinapur, with blessings of Krishna. Reconstruction of the city. Story about Sanda, Upasanda and Narada. :16. Arjuna-vanavasa Parva〔 ::Arjuna violates dharma. He accepts voluntary exile. Arjuna marries Ulupi, rescues Apsaras. Story highlights his special powers and competence. Arjuna and Krishna become close friends. Arjuna goes to Dwarka, lives with Krishna. :17. Subhadra-harana Parva〔 :: Arjuna falls for and takes away Subhadra, Krishna's sister. Upset Vrishnis prepare war with Arjuna, but finally desist. :18. Harana-harika Parva :: Arjuna returns from exile, with Shubhadra. They marry. Their son Abhimanyu is born. Story about five sons of Draupadi. :19. Khandava-daha Parva :: The rule of Yudhishthira - theory and role of effective kings. Story of Varuna, Agni and Indra. The fight of Krishna (called Achyuta) and Arjuna with celestials, show of their combined abilities and victory. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Adi Parva」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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